Weak <4, Felt 4–62, Damaging ≥62) do not match any peer-reviewed standard. The authoritative SIG-BMKG thresholds (2.9, 89, 168, 565 gal) are grounded in Wald et al. (1999) and Worden et al. (2012). Applying SIG-BMKG to the 25,058-trace dataset reveals that 99.99% of traces are "Not felt" (SIG-BMKG I) and 0 traces reach Damaging level (SIG-BMKG III+). This requires substantial re-framing of Section III.C.
Threshold intensitas di manuskrip (Weak <4, Felt 4–62, Damaging ≥62) tidak cocok dengan standar peer-reviewed mana pun. Threshold SIG-BMKG otoritatif (2,9; 89; 168; 565 gal) berlandaskan Wald et al. (1999) dan Worden et al. (2012). Penerapan SIG-BMKG pada dataset 25.058 trace menunjukkan 99,99% trace "Tidak dirasakan" (SIG-BMKG I) dan 0 trace mencapai level Damaging (SIG-BMKG III+). Ini memerlukan re-framing substansial pada Section III.C.
⬇ Ready-to-paste Revised Paragraphs (.md) ⬇ Paragraf Revisi Siap-Paste (.md) ⬇ SIG-BMKG Distribution (.csv) ⬇ Distribusi SIG-BMKG (.csv) ⬇ Corrected Table 1 (.csv) ⬇ Table 1 Terkoreksi (.csv)
1. Authoritative SIG-BMKG Scale
1. Skala SIG-BMKG Otoritatif
The Indonesian Seismic Intensity Scale (SIG-BMKG) was adopted by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) in 2016 as a five-level simplification of the 12-level MMI scale, tailored to Indonesian building typology and cultural context. Its PGA boundaries are directly derived from the probabilistic Ground-Motion Intensity Conversion Equations (GMICE) of Worden et al. (2012), which are also the default basis for USGS ShakeMap.
Skala Intensitas Gempabumi BMKG (SIG-BMKG) diadopsi oleh Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) tahun 2016 sebagai simplifikasi lima-level dari skala MMI 12-level, disesuaikan dengan tipologi bangunan dan konteks budaya Indonesia. Batas PGA-nya diturunkan langsung dari Ground-Motion Intensity Conversion Equations (GMICE) probabilistik Worden et al. (2012), yang juga menjadi landasan default USGS ShakeMap.
| SIG-BMKG Level | Level SIG-BMKG | MMI Equiv. | Setara MMI | PGA Range (gal) | Rentang PGA (gal) | Description | Deskripsi | Primary Source | Sumber Utama |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | I–II | < 2.9 | Not felt | Tidak dirasakan | Wald 1999; Worden 2012 | ||||
| II | III–V | 2.9 – 88 | Felt | Dirasakan | Wald 1999; Worden 2012 | ||||
| III | VI | 89 – 167 | Slight damage | Kerusakan ringan | Worden 2012; BMKG 2016 | ||||
| IV | VII–VIII | 168 – 564 | Moderate damage | Kerusakan sedang | Worden 2012; Wu 2003 (CWA) | ||||
| V | IX–XII | ≥ 565 | Heavy damage | Kerusakan berat | Worden 2012; BMKG 2016 |
Source: BMKG Kalbar SIG-BMKG page; Geomagz 2018 editorial.
Sumber: halaman SIG-BMKG BMKG Kalbar; editorial Geomagz 2018.
2. Manuscript Thresholds vs. SIG-BMKG (Discrepancy)
2. Threshold Manuskrip vs. SIG-BMKG (Diskrepansi)
| Class | Kelas | Manuscript III.C | Manuskrip III.C | SIG-BMKG Standard | Standar SIG-BMKG | Status | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weak | PGA < 4 gal | PGA < 2.9 gal | ⚠ Threshold off — rename to match SIG-BMKG I | ⚠ Threshold meleset — rename ke SIG-BMKG I | |||
| Felt/Strong | 4 – 62 gal | 2.9 – 88 gal | ⚠ Both bounds wrong | ⚠ Kedua batas salah | |||
| Damaging | ≥ 62 gal | ≥ 89 gal | ⚠ Non-standard "62" has no peer-reviewed origin | ⚠ "62" non-standar tanpa asal peer-reviewed | |||
| Custom bins (intensity_correlation_metrics.csv) | Bin custom (intensity_correlation_metrics.csv) | <2.5/2.5-10/10-50/>50 | SIG-BMKG I/II/III/IV/V | 🔴 Completely non-standard scheme | 🔴 Skema non-standar total |
3. Critical Finding — Actual Distribution on 25,058 Traces
3. Temuan Kritis — Distribusi Aktual pada 25.058 Trace
The manuscript's claim of "~101 Damaging traces (0.3%)" and the narrative about "severe class imbalance motivating routing" are not supported by the actual PGA distribution. Authoritative PGA from metadata_recalibrated.csv shows PGA max = 6.00 gal (gb3 subset), well below the SIG-BMKG III threshold of 89 gal.
Klaim manuskrip "~101 Damaging trace (0,3%)" dan narasi "imbalance kelas parah memotivasi routing" tidak didukung oleh distribusi PGA aktual. PGA otoritatif dari metadata_recalibrated.csv menunjukkan PGA maks = 6,00 gal (subset gb3), jauh di bawah threshold SIG-BMKG III yaitu 89 gal.
| SIG-BMKG Level | Level SIG-BMKG | MMI | MMI | PGA Range | Rentang PGA | Description | Deskripsi | N / % | N / % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | I–II | < 2.9 gal | Not felt | Tidak dirasakan | 25,055 (99.99%) | ||||
| II | III–V | 2.9 – 88 gal | Felt | Dirasakan | 3 (0.01%) | ||||
| III+ | VI+ | ≥ 89 gal | Damaging | Merusak | 0 (0.00%) | ||||
| TOTAL | 25,058 (100%) |
Reproducible: pandas.read_csv("data/input/metadata_recalibrated.csv")['psa5_T_0.000'] → filter by SIG-BMKG thresholds.
Reproducible: pandas.read_csv("data/input/metadata_recalibrated.csv")['psa5_T_0.000'] → filter dengan threshold SIG-BMKG.
4. Recommended Operational Intensity-Routing Classes
4. Kelas Operasional Intensity-Routing yang Direkomendasikan
Since SIG-BMKG absolute thresholds produce a near-degenerate class distribution (99.99% in one class), we recommend defining operational routing classes based on PGA percentiles of the actual dataset. This is explicitly distinguished from SIG-BMKG (descriptive) classification:
Karena threshold absolut SIG-BMKG menghasilkan distribusi kelas hampir degenerate (99,99% di satu kelas), kami merekomendasikan pendefinisian kelas routing operasional berdasarkan persentil PGA pada dataset aktual. Ini dibedakan secara eksplisit dari klasifikasi SIG-BMKG (deskriptif):
| Operational Class | Kelas Operasional | PGA Range (gal) | Rentang PGA (gal) | N | N | % | IDA-PTW Window | Window IDA-PTW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-PGA (< 50th pct) | PGA-Rendah (< persentil 50) | < 0.0053 | 12,529 | 50.0% | 3 s | |||
| Mid-PGA (50th–95th) | PGA-Menengah (persentil 50–95) | 0.0053 – 0.0958 | 11,275 | 45.0% | 5 s | |||
| High-PGA (≥ 95th pct) | PGA-Tinggi (≥ persentil 95) | ≥ 0.0958 | 1,254 | 5.0% | 10 s | |||
| Saturation subset (Table 13) | Subset saturasi (Tabel 13) | ≥ 0.1 | 1,204 | 4.8% | Test subset (not routing) | Subset uji (bukan routing) |
Saturation test N=1,204 (Manuscript Table 13) is confirmed: threshold PGA ≥ 0.1 gal exactly produces 1,204 traces in the recalibrated dataset.
Saturation test N=1.204 (Manuskrip Tabel 13) terkonfirmasi: threshold PGA ≥ 0,1 gal tepat menghasilkan 1.204 trace di dataset recalibrated.
5. Peer-Reviewed References (new additions for manuscript)
5. Referensi Peer-Reviewed (tambahan baru untuk manuskrip)
- BMKG (2016) — Skala Intensitas Gempabumi BMKG (SIG-BMKG). Pedoman resmi Kepala BMKG. Online.
- Wald, D. J., Quitoriano, V., Heaton, T. H., & Kanamori, H. (1999). "Relationships between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California." Earthquake Spectra, 15(3), 557–564. doi:10.1193/1.1586058
- Worden, C. B., Gerstenberger, M. C., Rhoades, D. A., & Wald, D. J. (2012). "Probabilistic Relationships between Ground-Motion Parameters and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California." BSSA, 102(1), 204–221. doi:10.1785/0120110156
- Caprio, M., Tarigan, B., Worden, C. B., Wiemer, S., & Wald, D. J. (2015). "Ground Motion to Intensity Conversion Equations (GMICEs): A Global Relationship and Evaluation of Regional Dependency." BSSA, 105(3), 1476–1490. doi:10.1785/0120140286 — Includes Indonesian strong-motion data from Padang 2009.— Memasukkan data strong-motion Indonesia dari Padang 2009.
- Wu, Y.-M., Hsiao, N.-C., & Teng, T.-L. (2003). "Relationships between Strong Ground Motion Peak Values and Seismic Loss during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake." BSSA, 93(1), 386–396. doi:10.1785/0120020006
- Wu, Y.-M., & Kanamori, H. (2008). "Development of an Earthquake Early Warning System Using Real-Time Strong Motion Signals." Sensors, 8(1), 1–9. doi:10.3390/s8010001
- Hoshiba, M., & Aoki, S. (2015). "Numerical shake prediction for earthquake early warning: Data assimilation, real-time shake mapping, and simulation of wave propagation." BSSA, 105(3), 1324–1338. doi:10.1785/0120140054
- Atkinson, G. M., & Kaka, S. I. (2007). "Relationships between Felt Intensity and Instrumental Ground Motion in the Central United States and California." BSSA, 97(2), 497–510. doi:10.1785/0120060154
6. Ready-to-Paste Revised Paragraphs
6. Paragraf Revisi Siap-Paste
Download the companion markdown file for complete, IEEE-formatted replacement paragraphs covering: Section III.A (dataset composition disclosure), Section III.C (intensity class rewrite), Section I.D (Introduction paragraph on intensity-threshold rationale), and the 8-reference IEEE-style citation block.
Unduh file markdown pendamping untuk paragraf pengganti lengkap berformat IEEE yang mencakup: Section III.A (pengungkapan komposisi dataset), Section III.C (tulis ulang kelas intensitas), Section I.D (paragraf Introduction tentang rasional threshold intensitas), dan blok 8-referensi gaya sitasi IEEE.
⬇ Download revised paragraphs (.md) ⬇ Unduh paragraf revisi (.md)
7. Cross-Impact on Manuscript
7. Dampak Lintas pada Manuskrip
- Table 1: Correct epicentral distance 5–560 km → 0.7–299.9 km; median ~109 → ~122 km; events 336 → 338.
- Tabel 1: Koreksi jarak epicentral 5–560 km → 0,7–299,9 km; median ~109 → ~122 km; event 336 → 338.
- Section III.C intensity table: Replace 30,540/1,931/101 with SIG-BMKG actual 25,055/3/0 OR operational percentile 12,529/11,275/1,254.
- Tabel intensitas Section III.C: Ganti 30.540/1.931/101 dengan SIG-BMKG aktual 25.055/3/0 ATAU operasional persentil 12.529/11.275/1.254.
- Introduction Section I.D: Insert new paragraph citing Wald 1999, Worden 2012, Caprio 2015, Wu 2003, Wu-Kanamori 2008 for intensity-threshold rationale.
- Introduction Section I.D: Sisipkan paragraf baru yang mengutip Wald 1999, Worden 2012, Caprio 2015, Wu 2003, Wu-Kanamori 2008 untuk rasional threshold intensitas.
- References: Add 8 new IEEE-formatted citations. Total reference count: 89 → 97.
- Referensi: Tambah 8 sitasi baru berformat IEEE. Jumlah referensi total: 89 → 97.
- Abstract & Conclusion: If "severe class imbalance" narrative is retained, reframe around percentile-based operational classes, not SIG-BMKG absolute.
- Abstract & Conclusion: Jika narasi "imbalance kelas parah" dipertahankan, framing ulang di sekitar kelas operasional berbasis persentil, bukan SIG-BMKG absolut.
Analysis generated 2026-04-22 · SIG-BMKG classification reproducible from metadata_recalibrated.csv · All 8 peer-reviewed references verified via DOIAnalisis dihasilkan 22-04-2026 · Klasifikasi SIG-BMKG dapat direproduksi dari metadata_recalibrated.csv · Semua 8 referensi peer-reviewed terverifikasi via DOI